( ! ) Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called <strong>incorrectly</strong>. Translation loading for the <code>feeds-for-youtube</code> domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the <code>init</code> action or later. Please see <a href="https://developer.wordpress.org/advanced-administration/debug/debug-wordpress/">Debugging in WordPress</a> for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /users/t/i/tiie/www-root/blog/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6121
Call Stack
#TimeMemoryFunctionLocation
10.0001497464{main}( ).../index.php:0
20.0001497816require( '/users/t/i/tiie/www-root/blog/wp-blog-header.php ).../index.php:17
30.0001498232require_once( '/users/t/i/tiie/www-root/blog/wp-load.php ).../wp-blog-header.php:13
40.0001498656require_once( '/users/t/i/tiie/www-root/blog/wp-config.php ).../wp-load.php:50
50.0001500296require_once( '/users/t/i/tiie/www-root/blog/wp-settings.php ).../wp-config.php:93
60.03423369056do_action( $hook_name = 'plugins_loaded' ).../wp-settings.php:578
70.03423369272WP_Hook->do_action( $args = [0 => ''] ).../plugin.php:517
80.03423369272WP_Hook->apply_filters( $value = '', $args = [0 => ''] ).../class-wp-hook.php:348
90.03493384768sby_init( '' ).../class-wp-hook.php:324
100.03493385096__( $text = 'Feeds for YouTube', $domain = 'feeds-for-youtube' ).../youtube-feed.php:126
110.03493385096translate( $text = 'Feeds for YouTube', $domain = 'feeds-for-youtube' ).../l10n.php:307
120.03493385096get_translations_for_domain( $domain = 'feeds-for-youtube' ).../l10n.php:195
130.03493385096_load_textdomain_just_in_time( $domain = 'feeds-for-youtube' ).../l10n.php:1409
140.03513391824_doing_it_wrong( $function_name = '_load_textdomain_just_in_time', $message = 'Translation loading for the <code>feeds-for-youtube</code> domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the <code>init</code> action or later.', $version = '6.7.0' ).../l10n.php:1371
150.03513393168wp_trigger_error( $function_name = '', $message = 'Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called <strong>incorrectly</strong>. Translation loading for the <code>feeds-for-youtube</code> domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the <code>init</code> action or later. Please see <a href="https://developer.wordpress.org/advanced-administration/debug/debug-wordpress/">Debugging in WordPress</a> for more information. (This message was added in version '..., $error_level = ??? ).../functions.php:6061
160.03533395616trigger_error( $message = 'Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called <strong>incorrectly</strong>. Translation loading for the <code>feeds-for-youtube</code> domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the <code>init</code> action or later. Please see <a href="https://developer.wordpress.org/advanced-administration/debug/debug-wordpress/">Debugging in WordPress</a> for more information. (This message was added in version '..., $error_level = 1024 ).../functions.php:6121

( ! ) Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /users/t/i/tiie/www-root/blog/wp-includes/functions.php:6121) in /users/t/i/tiie/www-root/blog/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1896
Call Stack
#TimeMemoryFunctionLocation
10.0001497464{main}( ).../index.php:0
20.0001497816require( '/users/t/i/tiie/www-root/blog/wp-blog-header.php ).../index.php:17
30.06894329008wp( $query_vars = ??? ).../wp-blog-header.php:16
40.06894329040WP->main( $query_args = '' ).../functions.php:1342
50.06894329040WP->parse_request( $extra_query_vars = '' ).../class-wp.php:818
60.06914352112do_action_ref_array( $hook_name = 'parse_request', $args = [0 => class WP { public $public_query_vars = [...]; public $private_query_vars = [...]; public $extra_query_vars = [...]; public $query_vars = [...]; public $query_string = ''; public $request = 'wp-json/wp/v2/posts/983'; public $matched_rule = '^wp-json/(.*)?'; public $matched_query = 'rest_route=/wp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F983'; public $did_permalink = TRUE }] ).../class-wp.php:418
70.06914352112WP_Hook->do_action( $args = [0 => class WP { public $public_query_vars = [...]; public $private_query_vars = [...]; public $extra_query_vars = [...]; public $query_vars = [...]; public $query_string = ''; public $request = 'wp-json/wp/v2/posts/983'; public $matched_rule = '^wp-json/(.*)?'; public $matched_query = 'rest_route=/wp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F983'; public $did_permalink = TRUE }] ).../plugin.php:565
80.06914352112WP_Hook->apply_filters( $value = '', $args = [0 => class WP { public $public_query_vars = [...]; public $private_query_vars = [...]; public $extra_query_vars = [...]; public $query_vars = [...]; public $query_string = ''; public $request = 'wp-json/wp/v2/posts/983'; public $matched_rule = '^wp-json/(.*)?'; public $matched_query = 'rest_route=/wp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F983'; public $did_permalink = TRUE }] ).../class-wp-hook.php:348
90.06914352544rest_api_loaded( class WP { public $public_query_vars = [0 => 'm', 1 => 'p', 2 => 'posts', 3 => 'w', 4 => 'cat', 5 => 'withcomments', 6 => 'withoutcomments', 7 => 's', 8 => 'search', 9 => 'exact', 10 => 'sentence', 11 => 'calendar', 12 => 'page', 13 => 'paged', 14 => 'more', 15 => 'tb', 16 => 'pb', 17 => 'author', 18 => 'order', 19 => 'orderby', 20 => 'year', 21 => 'monthnum', 22 => 'day', 23 => 'hour', 24 => 'minute', 25 => 'second', 26 => 'name', 27 => 'category_name', 28 => 'tag', 29 => 'feed', 30 => 'author_name', 31 => 'pagename', 32 => 'page_id', 33 => 'error', 34 => 'attachment', 35 => 'attachment_id', 36 => 'subpost', 37 => 'subpost_id', 38 => 'preview', 39 => 'robots', 40 => 'favicon', 41 => 'taxonomy', 42 => 'term', 43 => 'cpage', 44 => 'post_type', 45 => 'embed', 46 => 'post_format', 47 => 'rest_route', 48 => 'sitemap', 49 => 'sitemap-subtype', 50 => 'sitemap-stylesheet']; public $private_query_vars = [0 => 'offset', 1 => 'posts_per_page', 2 => 'posts_per_archive_page', 3 => 'showposts', 4 => 'nopaging', 5 => 'post_type', 6 => 'post_status', 7 => 'category__in', 8 => 'category__not_in', 9 => 'category__and', 10 => 'tag__in', 11 => 'tag__not_in', 12 => 'tag__and', 13 => 'tag_slug__in', 14 => 'tag_slug__and', 15 => 'tag_id', 16 => 'post_mime_type', 17 => 'perm', 18 => 'comments_per_page', 19 => 'post__in', 20 => 'post__not_in', 21 => 'post_parent', 22 => 'post_parent__in', 23 => 'post_parent__not_in', 24 => 'title', 25 => 'fields']; public $extra_query_vars = []; public $query_vars = ['rest_route' => '/wp/v2/posts/983']; public $query_string = ''; public $request = 'wp-json/wp/v2/posts/983'; public $matched_rule = '^wp-json/(.*)?'; public $matched_query = 'rest_route=/wp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F983'; public $did_permalink = TRUE } ).../class-wp-hook.php:324
100.08065532040WP_REST_Server->serve_request( $path = '/wp/v2/posts/983' ).../rest-api.php:459
110.08075531864WP_REST_Server->send_header( $key = 'Content-Type', $value = 'application/json; charset=UTF-8' ).../class-wp-rest-server.php:318
120.08075532248header( $header = 'Content-Type: application/json; charset=UTF-8' ).../class-wp-rest-server.php:1896

( ! ) Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /users/t/i/tiie/www-root/blog/wp-includes/functions.php:6121) in /users/t/i/tiie/www-root/blog/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1896
Call Stack
#TimeMemoryFunctionLocation
10.0001497464{main}( ).../index.php:0
20.0001497816require( '/users/t/i/tiie/www-root/blog/wp-blog-header.php ).../index.php:17
30.06894329008wp( $query_vars = ??? ).../wp-blog-header.php:16
40.06894329040WP->main( $query_args = '' ).../functions.php:1342
50.06894329040WP->parse_request( $extra_query_vars = '' ).../class-wp.php:818
60.06914352112do_action_ref_array( $hook_name = 'parse_request', $args = [0 => class WP { public $public_query_vars = [...]; public $private_query_vars = [...]; public $extra_query_vars = [...]; public $query_vars = [...]; public $query_string = ''; public $request = 'wp-json/wp/v2/posts/983'; public $matched_rule = '^wp-json/(.*)?'; public $matched_query = 'rest_route=/wp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F983'; public $did_permalink = TRUE }] ).../class-wp.php:418
70.06914352112WP_Hook->do_action( $args = [0 => class WP { public $public_query_vars = [...]; public $private_query_vars = [...]; public $extra_query_vars = [...]; public $query_vars = [...]; public $query_string = ''; public $request = 'wp-json/wp/v2/posts/983'; public $matched_rule = '^wp-json/(.*)?'; public $matched_query = 'rest_route=/wp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F983'; public $did_permalink = TRUE }] ).../plugin.php:565
80.06914352112WP_Hook->apply_filters( $value = '', $args = [0 => class WP { public $public_query_vars = [...]; public $private_query_vars = [...]; public $extra_query_vars = [...]; public $query_vars = [...]; public $query_string = ''; public $request = 'wp-json/wp/v2/posts/983'; public $matched_rule = '^wp-json/(.*)?'; public $matched_query = 'rest_route=/wp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F983'; public $did_permalink = TRUE }] ).../class-wp-hook.php:348
90.06914352544rest_api_loaded( class WP { public $public_query_vars = [0 => 'm', 1 => 'p', 2 => 'posts', 3 => 'w', 4 => 'cat', 5 => 'withcomments', 6 => 'withoutcomments', 7 => 's', 8 => 'search', 9 => 'exact', 10 => 'sentence', 11 => 'calendar', 12 => 'page', 13 => 'paged', 14 => 'more', 15 => 'tb', 16 => 'pb', 17 => 'author', 18 => 'order', 19 => 'orderby', 20 => 'year', 21 => 'monthnum', 22 => 'day', 23 => 'hour', 24 => 'minute', 25 => 'second', 26 => 'name', 27 => 'category_name', 28 => 'tag', 29 => 'feed', 30 => 'author_name', 31 => 'pagename', 32 => 'page_id', 33 => 'error', 34 => 'attachment', 35 => 'attachment_id', 36 => 'subpost', 37 => 'subpost_id', 38 => 'preview', 39 => 'robots', 40 => 'favicon', 41 => 'taxonomy', 42 => 'term', 43 => 'cpage', 44 => 'post_type', 45 => 'embed', 46 => 'post_format', 47 => 'rest_route', 48 => 'sitemap', 49 => 'sitemap-subtype', 50 => 'sitemap-stylesheet']; public $private_query_vars = [0 => 'offset', 1 => 'posts_per_page', 2 => 'posts_per_archive_page', 3 => 'showposts', 4 => 'nopaging', 5 => 'post_type', 6 => 'post_status', 7 => 'category__in', 8 => 'category__not_in', 9 => 'category__and', 10 => 'tag__in', 11 => 'tag__not_in', 12 => 'tag__and', 13 => 'tag_slug__in', 14 => 'tag_slug__and', 15 => 'tag_id', 16 => 'post_mime_type', 17 => 'perm', 18 => 'comments_per_page', 19 => 'post__in', 20 => 'post__not_in', 21 => 'post_parent', 22 => 'post_parent__in', 23 => 'post_parent__not_in', 24 => 'title', 25 => 'fields']; public $extra_query_vars = []; public $query_vars = ['rest_route' => '/wp/v2/posts/983']; public $query_string = ''; public $request = 'wp-json/wp/v2/posts/983'; public $matched_rule = '^wp-json/(.*)?'; public $matched_query = 'rest_route=/wp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F983'; public $did_permalink = TRUE } ).../class-wp-hook.php:324
100.08065532040WP_REST_Server->serve_request( $path = '/wp/v2/posts/983' ).../rest-api.php:459
110.08115532056WP_REST_Server->send_header( $key = 'X-Robots-Tag', $value = 'noindex' ).../class-wp-rest-server.php:319
120.08115532376header( $header = 'X-Robots-Tag: noindex' ).../class-wp-rest-server.php:1896

( ! ) Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /users/t/i/tiie/www-root/blog/wp-includes/functions.php:6121) in /users/t/i/tiie/www-root/blog/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1896
Call Stack
#TimeMemoryFunctionLocation
10.0001497464{main}( ).../index.php:0
20.0001497816require( '/users/t/i/tiie/www-root/blog/wp-blog-header.php ).../index.php:17
30.06894329008wp( $query_vars = ??? ).../wp-blog-header.php:16
40.06894329040WP->main( $query_args = '' ).../functions.php:1342
50.06894329040WP->parse_request( $extra_query_vars = '' ).../class-wp.php:818
60.06914352112do_action_ref_array( $hook_name = 'parse_request', $args = [0 => class WP { public $public_query_vars = [...]; public $private_query_vars = [...]; public $extra_query_vars = [...]; public $query_vars = [...]; public $query_string = ''; public $request = 'wp-json/wp/v2/posts/983'; public $matched_rule = '^wp-json/(.*)?'; public $matched_query = 'rest_route=/wp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F983'; public $did_permalink = TRUE }] ).../class-wp.php:418
70.06914352112WP_Hook->do_action( $args = [0 => class WP { public $public_query_vars = [...]; public $private_query_vars = [...]; public $extra_query_vars = [...]; public $query_vars = [...]; public $query_string = ''; public $request = 'wp-json/wp/v2/posts/983'; public $matched_rule = '^wp-json/(.*)?'; public $matched_query = 'rest_route=/wp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F983'; public $did_permalink = TRUE }] ).../plugin.php:565
80.06914352112WP_Hook->apply_filters( $value = '', $args = [0 => class WP { public $public_query_vars = [...]; public $private_query_vars = [...]; public $extra_query_vars = [...]; public $query_vars = [...]; public $query_string = ''; public $request = 'wp-json/wp/v2/posts/983'; public $matched_rule = '^wp-json/(.*)?'; public $matched_query = 'rest_route=/wp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F983'; public $did_permalink = TRUE }] ).../class-wp-hook.php:348
90.06914352544rest_api_loaded( class WP { public $public_query_vars = [0 => 'm', 1 => 'p', 2 => 'posts', 3 => 'w', 4 => 'cat', 5 => 'withcomments', 6 => 'withoutcomments', 7 => 's', 8 => 'search', 9 => 'exact', 10 => 'sentence', 11 => 'calendar', 12 => 'page', 13 => 'paged', 14 => 'more', 15 => 'tb', 16 => 'pb', 17 => 'author', 18 => 'order', 19 => 'orderby', 20 => 'year', 21 => 'monthnum', 22 => 'day', 23 => 'hour', 24 => 'minute', 25 => 'second', 26 => 'name', 27 => 'category_name', 28 => 'tag', 29 => 'feed', 30 => 'author_name', 31 => 'pagename', 32 => 'page_id', 33 => 'error', 34 => 'attachment', 35 => 'attachment_id', 36 => 'subpost', 37 => 'subpost_id', 38 => 'preview', 39 => 'robots', 40 => 'favicon', 41 => 'taxonomy', 42 => 'term', 43 => 'cpage', 44 => 'post_type', 45 => 'embed', 46 => 'post_format', 47 => 'rest_route', 48 => 'sitemap', 49 => 'sitemap-subtype', 50 => 'sitemap-stylesheet']; public $private_query_vars = [0 => 'offset', 1 => 'posts_per_page', 2 => 'posts_per_archive_page', 3 => 'showposts', 4 => 'nopaging', 5 => 'post_type', 6 => 'post_status', 7 => 'category__in', 8 => 'category__not_in', 9 => 'category__and', 10 => 'tag__in', 11 => 'tag__not_in', 12 => 'tag__and', 13 => 'tag_slug__in', 14 => 'tag_slug__and', 15 => 'tag_id', 16 => 'post_mime_type', 17 => 'perm', 18 => 'comments_per_page', 19 => 'post__in', 20 => 'post__not_in', 21 => 'post_parent', 22 => 'post_parent__in', 23 => 'post_parent__not_in', 24 => 'title', 25 => 'fields']; public $extra_query_vars = []; public $query_vars = ['rest_route' => '/wp/v2/posts/983']; public $query_string = ''; public $request = 'wp-json/wp/v2/posts/983'; public $matched_rule = '^wp-json/(.*)?'; public $matched_query = 'rest_route=/wp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F983'; public $did_permalink = TRUE } ).../class-wp-hook.php:324
100.08065532040WP_REST_Server->serve_request( $path = '/wp/v2/posts/983' ).../rest-api.php:459
110.08155532216WP_REST_Server->send_header( $key = 'Link', $value = '<https://tiie.w3.uvm.edu/blog/wp-json/>; rel="https://api.w.org/"' ).../class-wp-rest-server.php:323
120.08155532648header( $header = 'Link: <https://tiie.w3.uvm.edu/blog/wp-json/>; rel="https://api.w.org/"' ).../class-wp-rest-server.php:1896

( ! ) Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /users/t/i/tiie/www-root/blog/wp-includes/functions.php:6121) in /users/t/i/tiie/www-root/blog/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1896
Call Stack
#TimeMemoryFunctionLocation
10.0001497464{main}( ).../index.php:0
20.0001497816require( '/users/t/i/tiie/www-root/blog/wp-blog-header.php ).../index.php:17
30.06894329008wp( $query_vars = ??? ).../wp-blog-header.php:16
40.06894329040WP->main( $query_args = '' ).../functions.php:1342
50.06894329040WP->parse_request( $extra_query_vars = '' ).../class-wp.php:818
60.06914352112do_action_ref_array( $hook_name = 'parse_request', $args = [0 => class WP { public $public_query_vars = [...]; public $private_query_vars = [...]; public $extra_query_vars = [...]; public $query_vars = [...]; public $query_string = ''; public $request = 'wp-json/wp/v2/posts/983'; public $matched_rule = '^wp-json/(.*)?'; public $matched_query = 'rest_route=/wp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F983'; public $did_permalink = TRUE }] ).../class-wp.php:418
70.06914352112WP_Hook->do_action( $args = [0 => class WP { public $public_query_vars = [...]; public $private_query_vars = [...]; public $extra_query_vars = [...]; public $query_vars = [...]; public $query_string = ''; public $request = 'wp-json/wp/v2/posts/983'; public $matched_rule = '^wp-json/(.*)?'; public $matched_query = 'rest_route=/wp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F983'; public $did_permalink = TRUE }] ).../plugin.php:565
80.06914352112WP_Hook->apply_filters( $value = '', $args = [0 => class WP { public $public_query_vars = [...]; public $private_query_vars = [...]; public $extra_query_vars = [...]; public $query_vars = [...]; public $query_string = ''; public $request = 'wp-json/wp/v2/posts/983'; public $matched_rule = '^wp-json/(.*)?'; public $matched_query = 'rest_route=/wp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F983'; public $did_permalink = TRUE }] ).../class-wp-hook.php:348
90.06914352544rest_api_loaded( class WP { public $public_query_vars = [0 => 'm', 1 => 'p', 2 => 'posts', 3 => 'w', 4 => 'cat', 5 => 'withcomments', 6 => 'withoutcomments', 7 => 's', 8 => 'search', 9 => 'exact', 10 => 'sentence', 11 => 'calendar', 12 => 'page', 13 => 'paged', 14 => 'more', 15 => 'tb', 16 => 'pb', 17 => 'author', 18 => 'order', 19 => 'orderby', 20 => 'year', 21 => 'monthnum', 22 => 'day', 23 => 'hour', 24 => 'minute', 25 => 'second', 26 => 'name', 27 => 'category_name', 28 => 'tag', 29 => 'feed', 30 => 'author_name', 31 => 'pagename', 32 => 'page_id', 33 => 'error', 34 => 'attachment', 35 => 'attachment_id', 36 => 'subpost', 37 => 'subpost_id', 38 => 'preview', 39 => 'robots', 40 => 'favicon', 41 => 'taxonomy', 42 => 'term', 43 => 'cpage', 44 => 'post_type', 45 => 'embed', 46 => 'post_format', 47 => 'rest_route', 48 => 'sitemap', 49 => 'sitemap-subtype', 50 => 'sitemap-stylesheet']; public $private_query_vars = [0 => 'offset', 1 => 'posts_per_page', 2 => 'posts_per_archive_page', 3 => 'showposts', 4 => 'nopaging', 5 => 'post_type', 6 => 'post_status', 7 => 'category__in', 8 => 'category__not_in', 9 => 'category__and', 10 => 'tag__in', 11 => 'tag__not_in', 12 => 'tag__and', 13 => 'tag_slug__in', 14 => 'tag_slug__and', 15 => 'tag_id', 16 => 'post_mime_type', 17 => 'perm', 18 => 'comments_per_page', 19 => 'post__in', 20 => 'post__not_in', 21 => 'post_parent', 22 => 'post_parent__in', 23 => 'post_parent__not_in', 24 => 'title', 25 => 'fields']; public $extra_query_vars = []; public $query_vars = ['rest_route' => '/wp/v2/posts/983']; public $query_string = ''; public $request = 'wp-json/wp/v2/posts/983'; public $matched_rule = '^wp-json/(.*)?'; public $matched_query = 'rest_route=/wp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F983'; public $did_permalink = TRUE } ).../class-wp-hook.php:324
100.08065532040WP_REST_Server->serve_request( $path = '/wp/v2/posts/983' ).../rest-api.php:459
110.08185532120WP_REST_Server->send_header( $key = 'X-Content-Type-Options', $value = 'nosniff' ).../class-wp-rest-server.php:331
120.08185532440header( $header = 'X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff' ).../class-wp-rest-server.php:1896

( ! ) Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /users/t/i/tiie/www-root/blog/wp-includes/functions.php:6121) in /users/t/i/tiie/www-root/blog/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1896
Call Stack
#TimeMemoryFunctionLocation
10.0001497464{main}( ).../index.php:0
20.0001497816require( '/users/t/i/tiie/www-root/blog/wp-blog-header.php ).../index.php:17
30.06894329008wp( $query_vars = ??? ).../wp-blog-header.php:16
40.06894329040WP->main( $query_args = '' ).../functions.php:1342
50.06894329040WP->parse_request( $extra_query_vars = '' ).../class-wp.php:818
60.06914352112do_action_ref_array( $hook_name = 'parse_request', $args = [0 => class WP { public $public_query_vars = [...]; public $private_query_vars = [...]; public $extra_query_vars = [...]; public $query_vars = [...]; public $query_string = ''; public $request = 'wp-json/wp/v2/posts/983'; public $matched_rule = '^wp-json/(.*)?'; public $matched_query = 'rest_route=/wp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F983'; public $did_permalink = TRUE }] ).../class-wp.php:418
70.06914352112WP_Hook->do_action( $args = [0 => class WP { public $public_query_vars = [...]; public $private_query_vars = [...]; public $extra_query_vars = [...]; public $query_vars = [...]; public $query_string = ''; public $request = 'wp-json/wp/v2/posts/983'; public $matched_rule = '^wp-json/(.*)?'; public $matched_query = 'rest_route=/wp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F983'; public $did_permalink = TRUE }] ).../plugin.php:565
80.06914352112WP_Hook->apply_filters( $value = '', $args = [0 => class WP { public $public_query_vars = [...]; public $private_query_vars = [...]; public $extra_query_vars = [...]; public $query_vars = [...]; public $query_string = ''; public $request = 'wp-json/wp/v2/posts/983'; public $matched_rule = '^wp-json/(.*)?'; public $matched_query = 'rest_route=/wp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F983'; public $did_permalink = TRUE }] ).../class-wp-hook.php:348
90.06914352544rest_api_loaded( class WP { public $public_query_vars = [0 => 'm', 1 => 'p', 2 => 'posts', 3 => 'w', 4 => 'cat', 5 => 'withcomments', 6 => 'withoutcomments', 7 => 's', 8 => 'search', 9 => 'exact', 10 => 'sentence', 11 => 'calendar', 12 => 'page', 13 => 'paged', 14 => 'more', 15 => 'tb', 16 => 'pb', 17 => 'author', 18 => 'order', 19 => 'orderby', 20 => 'year', 21 => 'monthnum', 22 => 'day', 23 => 'hour', 24 => 'minute', 25 => 'second', 26 => 'name', 27 => 'category_name', 28 => 'tag', 29 => 'feed', 30 => 'author_name', 31 => 'pagename', 32 => 'page_id', 33 => 'error', 34 => 'attachment', 35 => 'attachment_id', 36 => 'subpost', 37 => 'subpost_id', 38 => 'preview', 39 => 'robots', 40 => 'favicon', 41 => 'taxonomy', 42 => 'term', 43 => 'cpage', 44 => 'post_type', 45 => 'embed', 46 => 'post_format', 47 => 'rest_route', 48 => 'sitemap', 49 => 'sitemap-subtype', 50 => 'sitemap-stylesheet']; public $private_query_vars = [0 => 'offset', 1 => 'posts_per_page', 2 => 'posts_per_archive_page', 3 => 'showposts', 4 => 'nopaging', 5 => 'post_type', 6 => 'post_status', 7 => 'category__in', 8 => 'category__not_in', 9 => 'category__and', 10 => 'tag__in', 11 => 'tag__not_in', 12 => 'tag__and', 13 => 'tag_slug__in', 14 => 'tag_slug__and', 15 => 'tag_id', 16 => 'post_mime_type', 17 => 'perm', 18 => 'comments_per_page', 19 => 'post__in', 20 => 'post__not_in', 21 => 'post_parent', 22 => 'post_parent__in', 23 => 'post_parent__not_in', 24 => 'title', 25 => 'fields']; public $extra_query_vars = []; public $query_vars = ['rest_route' => '/wp/v2/posts/983']; public $query_string = ''; public $request = 'wp-json/wp/v2/posts/983'; public $matched_rule = '^wp-json/(.*)?'; public $matched_query = 'rest_route=/wp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F983'; public $did_permalink = TRUE } ).../class-wp-hook.php:324
100.08065532040WP_REST_Server->serve_request( $path = '/wp/v2/posts/983' ).../rest-api.php:459
110.08225537128WP_REST_Server->send_header( $key = 'Access-Control-Expose-Headers', $value = 'X-WP-Total, X-WP-TotalPages, Link' ).../class-wp-rest-server.php:408
120.08225537512header( $header = 'Access-Control-Expose-Headers: X-WP-Total, X-WP-TotalPages, Link' ).../class-wp-rest-server.php:1896

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Call Stack
#TimeMemoryFunctionLocation
10.0001497464{main}( ).../index.php:0
20.0001497816require( '/users/t/i/tiie/www-root/blog/wp-blog-header.php ).../index.php:17
30.06894329008wp( $query_vars = ??? ).../wp-blog-header.php:16
40.06894329040WP->main( $query_args = '' ).../functions.php:1342
50.06894329040WP->parse_request( $extra_query_vars = '' ).../class-wp.php:818
60.06914352112do_action_ref_array( $hook_name = 'parse_request', $args = [0 => class WP { public $public_query_vars = [...]; public $private_query_vars = [...]; public $extra_query_vars = [...]; public $query_vars = [...]; public $query_string = ''; public $request = 'wp-json/wp/v2/posts/983'; public $matched_rule = '^wp-json/(.*)?'; public $matched_query = 'rest_route=/wp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F983'; public $did_permalink = TRUE }] ).../class-wp.php:418
70.06914352112WP_Hook->do_action( $args = [0 => class WP { public $public_query_vars = [...]; public $private_query_vars = [...]; public $extra_query_vars = [...]; public $query_vars = [...]; public $query_string = ''; public $request = 'wp-json/wp/v2/posts/983'; public $matched_rule = '^wp-json/(.*)?'; public $matched_query = 'rest_route=/wp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F983'; public $did_permalink = TRUE }] ).../plugin.php:565
80.06914352112WP_Hook->apply_filters( $value = '', $args = [0 => class WP { public $public_query_vars = [...]; public $private_query_vars = [...]; public $extra_query_vars = [...]; public $query_vars = [...]; public $query_string = ''; public $request = 'wp-json/wp/v2/posts/983'; public $matched_rule = '^wp-json/(.*)?'; public $matched_query = 'rest_route=/wp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F983'; public $did_permalink = TRUE }] ).../class-wp-hook.php:348
90.06914352544rest_api_loaded( class WP { public $public_query_vars = [0 => 'm', 1 => 'p', 2 => 'posts', 3 => 'w', 4 => 'cat', 5 => 'withcomments', 6 => 'withoutcomments', 7 => 's', 8 => 'search', 9 => 'exact', 10 => 'sentence', 11 => 'calendar', 12 => 'page', 13 => 'paged', 14 => 'more', 15 => 'tb', 16 => 'pb', 17 => 'author', 18 => 'order', 19 => 'orderby', 20 => 'year', 21 => 'monthnum', 22 => 'day', 23 => 'hour', 24 => 'minute', 25 => 'second', 26 => 'name', 27 => 'category_name', 28 => 'tag', 29 => 'feed', 30 => 'author_name', 31 => 'pagename', 32 => 'page_id', 33 => 'error', 34 => 'attachment', 35 => 'attachment_id', 36 => 'subpost', 37 => 'subpost_id', 38 => 'preview', 39 => 'robots', 40 => 'favicon', 41 => 'taxonomy', 42 => 'term', 43 => 'cpage', 44 => 'post_type', 45 => 'embed', 46 => 'post_format', 47 => 'rest_route', 48 => 'sitemap', 49 => 'sitemap-subtype', 50 => 'sitemap-stylesheet']; public $private_query_vars = [0 => 'offset', 1 => 'posts_per_page', 2 => 'posts_per_archive_page', 3 => 'showposts', 4 => 'nopaging', 5 => 'post_type', 6 => 'post_status', 7 => 'category__in', 8 => 'category__not_in', 9 => 'category__and', 10 => 'tag__in', 11 => 'tag__not_in', 12 => 'tag__and', 13 => 'tag_slug__in', 14 => 'tag_slug__and', 15 => 'tag_id', 16 => 'post_mime_type', 17 => 'perm', 18 => 'comments_per_page', 19 => 'post__in', 20 => 'post__not_in', 21 => 'post_parent', 22 => 'post_parent__in', 23 => 'post_parent__not_in', 24 => 'title', 25 => 'fields']; public $extra_query_vars = []; public $query_vars = ['rest_route' => '/wp/v2/posts/983']; public $query_string = ''; public $request = 'wp-json/wp/v2/posts/983'; public $matched_rule = '^wp-json/(.*)?'; public $matched_query = 'rest_route=/wp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F983'; public $did_permalink = TRUE } ).../class-wp-hook.php:324
100.08065532040WP_REST_Server->serve_request( $path = '/wp/v2/posts/983' ).../rest-api.php:459
110.08245537176WP_REST_Server->send_header( $key = 'Access-Control-Allow-Headers', $value = 'Authorization, X-WP-Nonce, Content-Disposition, Content-MD5, Content-Type' ).../class-wp-rest-server.php:434
120.08245537608header( $header = 'Access-Control-Allow-Headers: Authorization, X-WP-Nonce, Content-Disposition, Content-MD5, Content-Type' ).../class-wp-rest-server.php:1896

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Call Stack
#TimeMemoryFunctionLocation
10.0001497464{main}( ).../index.php:0
20.0001497816require( '/users/t/i/tiie/www-root/blog/wp-blog-header.php ).../index.php:17
30.06894329008wp( $query_vars = ??? ).../wp-blog-header.php:16
40.06894329040WP->main( $query_args = '' ).../functions.php:1342
50.06894329040WP->parse_request( $extra_query_vars = '' ).../class-wp.php:818
60.06914352112do_action_ref_array( $hook_name = 'parse_request', $args = [0 => class WP { public $public_query_vars = [...]; public $private_query_vars = [...]; public $extra_query_vars = [...]; public $query_vars = [...]; public $query_string = ''; public $request = 'wp-json/wp/v2/posts/983'; public $matched_rule = '^wp-json/(.*)?'; public $matched_query = 'rest_route=/wp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F983'; public $did_permalink = TRUE }] ).../class-wp.php:418
70.06914352112WP_Hook->do_action( $args = [0 => class WP { public $public_query_vars = [...]; public $private_query_vars = [...]; public $extra_query_vars = [...]; public $query_vars = [...]; public $query_string = ''; public $request = 'wp-json/wp/v2/posts/983'; public $matched_rule = '^wp-json/(.*)?'; public $matched_query = 'rest_route=/wp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F983'; public $did_permalink = TRUE }] ).../plugin.php:565
80.06914352112WP_Hook->apply_filters( $value = '', $args = [0 => class WP { public $public_query_vars = [...]; public $private_query_vars = [...]; public $extra_query_vars = [...]; public $query_vars = [...]; public $query_string = ''; public $request = 'wp-json/wp/v2/posts/983'; public $matched_rule = '^wp-json/(.*)?'; public $matched_query = 'rest_route=/wp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F983'; public $did_permalink = TRUE }] ).../class-wp-hook.php:348
90.06914352544rest_api_loaded( class WP { public $public_query_vars = [0 => 'm', 1 => 'p', 2 => 'posts', 3 => 'w', 4 => 'cat', 5 => 'withcomments', 6 => 'withoutcomments', 7 => 's', 8 => 'search', 9 => 'exact', 10 => 'sentence', 11 => 'calendar', 12 => 'page', 13 => 'paged', 14 => 'more', 15 => 'tb', 16 => 'pb', 17 => 'author', 18 => 'order', 19 => 'orderby', 20 => 'year', 21 => 'monthnum', 22 => 'day', 23 => 'hour', 24 => 'minute', 25 => 'second', 26 => 'name', 27 => 'category_name', 28 => 'tag', 29 => 'feed', 30 => 'author_name', 31 => 'pagename', 32 => 'page_id', 33 => 'error', 34 => 'attachment', 35 => 'attachment_id', 36 => 'subpost', 37 => 'subpost_id', 38 => 'preview', 39 => 'robots', 40 => 'favicon', 41 => 'taxonomy', 42 => 'term', 43 => 'cpage', 44 => 'post_type', 45 => 'embed', 46 => 'post_format', 47 => 'rest_route', 48 => 'sitemap', 49 => 'sitemap-subtype', 50 => 'sitemap-stylesheet']; public $private_query_vars = [0 => 'offset', 1 => 'posts_per_page', 2 => 'posts_per_archive_page', 3 => 'showposts', 4 => 'nopaging', 5 => 'post_type', 6 => 'post_status', 7 => 'category__in', 8 => 'category__not_in', 9 => 'category__and', 10 => 'tag__in', 11 => 'tag__not_in', 12 => 'tag__and', 13 => 'tag_slug__in', 14 => 'tag_slug__and', 15 => 'tag_id', 16 => 'post_mime_type', 17 => 'perm', 18 => 'comments_per_page', 19 => 'post__in', 20 => 'post__not_in', 21 => 'post_parent', 22 => 'post_parent__in', 23 => 'post_parent__not_in', 24 => 'title', 25 => 'fields']; public $extra_query_vars = []; public $query_vars = ['rest_route' => '/wp/v2/posts/983']; public $query_string = ''; public $request = 'wp-json/wp/v2/posts/983'; public $matched_rule = '^wp-json/(.*)?'; public $matched_query = 'rest_route=/wp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F983'; public $did_permalink = TRUE } ).../class-wp-hook.php:324
100.08065532040WP_REST_Server->serve_request( $path = '/wp/v2/posts/983' ).../rest-api.php:459
110.10565854552WP_REST_Server->send_headers( $headers = ['Link' => '<https://tiie.w3.uvm.edu/blog/digital-divide-in-the-classroom/>; rel="alternate"; type=text/html', 'Allow' => 'GET'] ).../class-wp-rest-server.php:472
120.10565854552WP_REST_Server->send_header( $key = 'Link', $value = '<https://tiie.w3.uvm.edu/blog/digital-divide-in-the-classroom/>; rel="alternate"; type=text/html' ).../class-wp-rest-server.php:1908
130.10565855032header( $header = 'Link: <https://tiie.w3.uvm.edu/blog/digital-divide-in-the-classroom/>; rel="alternate"; type=text/html' ).../class-wp-rest-server.php:1896

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Call Stack
#TimeMemoryFunctionLocation
10.0001497464{main}( ).../index.php:0
20.0001497816require( '/users/t/i/tiie/www-root/blog/wp-blog-header.php ).../index.php:17
30.06894329008wp( $query_vars = ??? ).../wp-blog-header.php:16
40.06894329040WP->main( $query_args = '' ).../functions.php:1342
50.06894329040WP->parse_request( $extra_query_vars = '' ).../class-wp.php:818
60.06914352112do_action_ref_array( $hook_name = 'parse_request', $args = [0 => class WP { public $public_query_vars = [...]; public $private_query_vars = [...]; public $extra_query_vars = [...]; public $query_vars = [...]; public $query_string = ''; public $request = 'wp-json/wp/v2/posts/983'; public $matched_rule = '^wp-json/(.*)?'; public $matched_query = 'rest_route=/wp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F983'; public $did_permalink = TRUE }] ).../class-wp.php:418
70.06914352112WP_Hook->do_action( $args = [0 => class WP { public $public_query_vars = [...]; public $private_query_vars = [...]; public $extra_query_vars = [...]; public $query_vars = [...]; public $query_string = ''; public $request = 'wp-json/wp/v2/posts/983'; public $matched_rule = '^wp-json/(.*)?'; public $matched_query = 'rest_route=/wp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F983'; public $did_permalink = TRUE }] ).../plugin.php:565
80.06914352112WP_Hook->apply_filters( $value = '', $args = [0 => class WP { public $public_query_vars = [...]; public $private_query_vars = [...]; public $extra_query_vars = [...]; public $query_vars = [...]; public $query_string = ''; public $request = 'wp-json/wp/v2/posts/983'; public $matched_rule = '^wp-json/(.*)?'; public $matched_query = 'rest_route=/wp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F983'; public $did_permalink = TRUE }] ).../class-wp-hook.php:348
90.06914352544rest_api_loaded( class WP { public $public_query_vars = [0 => 'm', 1 => 'p', 2 => 'posts', 3 => 'w', 4 => 'cat', 5 => 'withcomments', 6 => 'withoutcomments', 7 => 's', 8 => 'search', 9 => 'exact', 10 => 'sentence', 11 => 'calendar', 12 => 'page', 13 => 'paged', 14 => 'more', 15 => 'tb', 16 => 'pb', 17 => 'author', 18 => 'order', 19 => 'orderby', 20 => 'year', 21 => 'monthnum', 22 => 'day', 23 => 'hour', 24 => 'minute', 25 => 'second', 26 => 'name', 27 => 'category_name', 28 => 'tag', 29 => 'feed', 30 => 'author_name', 31 => 'pagename', 32 => 'page_id', 33 => 'error', 34 => 'attachment', 35 => 'attachment_id', 36 => 'subpost', 37 => 'subpost_id', 38 => 'preview', 39 => 'robots', 40 => 'favicon', 41 => 'taxonomy', 42 => 'term', 43 => 'cpage', 44 => 'post_type', 45 => 'embed', 46 => 'post_format', 47 => 'rest_route', 48 => 'sitemap', 49 => 'sitemap-subtype', 50 => 'sitemap-stylesheet']; public $private_query_vars = [0 => 'offset', 1 => 'posts_per_page', 2 => 'posts_per_archive_page', 3 => 'showposts', 4 => 'nopaging', 5 => 'post_type', 6 => 'post_status', 7 => 'category__in', 8 => 'category__not_in', 9 => 'category__and', 10 => 'tag__in', 11 => 'tag__not_in', 12 => 'tag__and', 13 => 'tag_slug__in', 14 => 'tag_slug__and', 15 => 'tag_id', 16 => 'post_mime_type', 17 => 'perm', 18 => 'comments_per_page', 19 => 'post__in', 20 => 'post__not_in', 21 => 'post_parent', 22 => 'post_parent__in', 23 => 'post_parent__not_in', 24 => 'title', 25 => 'fields']; public $extra_query_vars = []; public $query_vars = ['rest_route' => '/wp/v2/posts/983']; public $query_string = ''; public $request = 'wp-json/wp/v2/posts/983'; public $matched_rule = '^wp-json/(.*)?'; public $matched_query = 'rest_route=/wp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F983'; public $did_permalink = TRUE } ).../class-wp-hook.php:324
100.08065532040WP_REST_Server->serve_request( $path = '/wp/v2/posts/983' ).../rest-api.php:459
110.10565854552WP_REST_Server->send_headers( $headers = ['Link' => '<https://tiie.w3.uvm.edu/blog/digital-divide-in-the-classroom/>; rel="alternate"; type=text/html', 'Allow' => 'GET'] ).../class-wp-rest-server.php:472
120.10605854552WP_REST_Server->send_header( $key = 'Allow', $value = 'GET' ).../class-wp-rest-server.php:1908
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{"id":983,"date":"2014-04-29T08:42:36","date_gmt":"2014-04-29T08:42:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tiie.w3.uvm.edu\/blog\/?p=983"},"modified":"2014-04-29T12:55:05","modified_gmt":"2014-04-29T12:55:05","slug":"digital-divide-in-the-classroom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tiie.w3.uvm.edu\/blog\/digital-divide-in-the-classroom\/","title":{"rendered":"Digital divide in the classroom"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/a>
\nDigital divide
[1]<\/a>, participation gap[2]<\/a>, cultural divide[3]<\/a>: over the decades the language of equity issues in technology have shifted along with the technology. \u00a0This shifting language reflects the way we view technology and our relationships with it.\u00a0 What hasn\u2019t changed is the challenge that these terms highlight\u2014that some individuals have greater access to technology, both inside and outside the classroom.<\/p>\n

Two fundamental components of access to technology are a fast, consistent internet connection and an appropriate device: Who in your classroom has internet at home?\u00a0 Who has a device they can use at home? \u00a0What tech is in the classroom? What controls on student use exist?<\/p>\n

A harder to see component of access is the participation gap and cultural divide: Who is consuming digital media? Who is participating and engaging in digital experiences with others? Who is being taught how to understand and critique media?\u00a0 Who has the resources (time, cultural understanding, money) to create digital work that improves their social status (both inside and outside the classroom)? [4]<\/a><\/p>\n

These two frames demonstrate how a technology gap must be understood as occurring on multiple levels, from hardware and connectivity to our roles as consumers and producers of digital media. We can use these frameworks of access to assess technology in the classroom, specifically ones own classroom.<\/p>\n

As the evolving construct of the issue demonstrates, the way we as educators use the technology impacts our individual students and the divide. When we become more aware of ourselves, the differences our students bring, and how we react to those differences we are more equipped to set up a meaningful learning environment.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

How we think about technology<\/h2>\n

Technology is a tool, and like any tool, the way we think about it impacts how we use it and how we ask our students to use it.\u00a0 We can use it to enhance traditional ways of learning and producing, such as word processing and memorizing.\u00a0 We can use it to increase participation, both between students inside the classroom and outside the classroom, through collaborative tools and multi-media. We can also use it to develop critical cultural skills of questioning and evaluating digital media and power structures.<\/p>\n

When we limit our view of technology to a digital pen and paper, we miss the ways students can increase their participation, build relationships, and develop cultural capital.\u00a0 For those students whose primary access to technology is through the classroom, this further widens the gap. When we use technology to allow for a variety of ways to access, evaluate, and develop knowledge, we demonstrate how we value multiple avenues of knowledge.<\/p>\n

As a classroom teacher when you become aware of the frameworks you use you can increase your choices of how to use the technology available to you.<\/p>\n

Questions to answer:<\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. How do you use the tool of technology?<\/li>\n
  2. Do you consume, produce, and\/or participate?<\/li>\n
  3. How does your personal use of technology shape the way you think about the tool?<\/li>\n
  4. How do you critically think about the tool?<\/li>\n
  5. How can this tool be used to connect people, build participation, increase critical awareness of equity issues?<\/li>\n
  6. How do you think technology allows for various forms of knowledge to be valued?\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n

    How we view others<\/h2>\n

    How we think about technology shapes the way we approach planning our use of it.\u00a0 How we think about our student\u2019s use of technology shapes the way we interact with them and their use of it, much of the time when we are unaware of it.<\/p>\n

    Research looks at the technology gaps, both in hardware\/connectivity as well as use in the classroom.\u00a0 Holfeld, et. al. 2008, have found that schools with lower socioeconomic status have stricter student use policies and teachers who are more likely to use technology for rote learning, rather than creative engagement.[5]<\/a> These schools and teachers are most likely not aware they are furthering the technological divide.<\/p>\n

    The cultural message that children and youth are more tech savvy than adults can also affect our policies and practices that increase the tech divide. This message implies it is a \u201cnatural\u201d thing for children and youth to be good at tech. This hides the socio-economic and cultural factors of tech access. It also produces the flip side of the message that when children are not good at tech, for lack of access, they are individually flawed. For teachers who unknowingly believe this message it can result in preferential treatment to those students who have access outside of the classroom, thus furthering the divide[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Just as increasing our awareness of our framework is helpful in impacting our behavior and reducing the divide, increasing our awareness of how we think about other\u2019s use of technology impacts our behavior and affects the divide.<\/p>\n

    Questions to answer:<\/h3>\n
      \n
    1. What is your first thought when a child seems to be \u201ctech savvy\u201d? Does it just seem \u201cnatural\u201d to them?<\/li>\n
    2. What is your first thought when a child doesn\u2019t seem to be at ease with technology?<\/li>\n
    3. How do you engage students in questioning technology, questioning the viewpoint of sites, analyzing the credibility of games? Do you engage different students differently in this critical thinking?<\/li>\n
    4. How do you think about the reasons for the economic and social circumstances of your students (at all SES levels)?<\/li>\n
    5. Do you think about how your SES shapes your relationship to technology?<\/li>\n
    6. Do you try to control the content of some students more than others?<\/li>\n
    7. What are your judgments of differing family involvement?<\/li>\n
    8. Do you set up technology use so people with a wide range of backgrounds can use it?<\/li>\n
    9. How open are you to learning, and incorporating, the way your students think into the way you teach and use technology?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Wrapping it up<\/h2>\n

      Access to hardware and connectivity is only part of accessing technology.\u00a0 Accessing the possibilities of participation and cultural knowledge is harder to see, but more within the classroom teacher\u2019s control.\u00a0 When educators see technology as a meaningful, varied means of expression for students, it invites students to participate in unique, every-evolving ways.\u00a0 When students see themselves as capable of learning and using technology, they are empowered to continue accessing participation and cultural knowledge. This empowerment moves us all towards a reduction in the technology divide.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      <\/a><\/p>\n

      [1] http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/mediashift\/2007\/01\/your-guide-to-the-digital-divide017<\/p>\n

      <\/a>[2] http:\/\/www.exploratorium.edu\/research\/digitalkids\/Lyman_DigitalKids.pdf<\/p>\n

      <\/a>[3]http:\/\/mitpress.mit.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/titles\/free_download\/9780262513623_Confronting_the_Challenges.pdf<\/p>\n

      <\/a>[4] http:\/\/www.rethinkingschools.org\/archive\/27_02\/27_02_vangalen.shtml<\/p>\n

      <\/a>[5] Hohlfeld, T. N., Ritzhaupt, A. D., Barron, A. E., & Kemker, K. (2008). Examining the digital divide in K-12 public schools: Four-year trends for supporting ICT literacy in Florida. Computers & Education<\/em>, 51<\/em>(4), 1648\u20131663. doi:10.1016\/j.compedu.2008.04.002<\/p>\n

      <\/a>[6] http:\/\/www.exploratorium.edu\/research\/digitalkids\/Lyman_DigitalKids.pdf<\/p>\n

      back to top<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Digital divide[1], participation gap[2], cultural divide[3]: over the decades the language of equity issues in technology have shifted along with the technology. \u00a0This shifting language reflects the way we view technology and our relationships with it.\u00a0 What hasn\u2019t changed is the challenge that these terms highlight\u2014that some individuals have greater access to technology, both inside … <\/p>\n